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DR. RIPLBy'S 
HALF CENTURY DISCOURSE. 



HALF C23NTURY DISCOURSE, 



DELIVrnSD HOVEMBSR 16, 1828, 



AT 



CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS. 



BY EZRA RIPL,EY, D. D. 



Published at the rc(j[ucst of the Ilianrs. 



-7 ' 
CONCORD : 

PRINTED BY HERMAN ATWILL. 
1S29. 



a«^\^ 



• A few sentences are omitted; and one paragraph has been 
added since the discourse was delivered. It is presumed that 
the subscribers will not object to these alterations. 






HALF CENTURY DISCOURSE. 



Psalm Ixxvii. 11, 12. 

1 will remember the ivorks of the Lord : surely I will remember 
thy wonders of old. I xvill meditate also of all thy works, and 
talk of thy doiiigs. 

It is wise to note and improve the current of time 
and the events which that current is continually ex- 
hibiting. This is the main object of the present 
discourse. In this subject the inhabitants of this 
town are interested, and especially their minister, 
whose official labours have been protracted to half a 
century. Last Tuesday completed Jifty years since 
liis ordination in this place. 

The psalmist thought it his duty to remember the 
works and ways of God in years then past, — to med- 
itate on them, and to speak of them. It is no less 
proper for us to engage in similar services, 
which we ought to perform in a religious manner, 
with our whole mind and heart. 

Our text is an address to God, and a devout ac- 
knowledgment of his wonderful works and doings. 
We also should realize that we now set ourselves to 



recollect and ineditate on the works, the providence, 
and the grace of God. It is with Ilhn we have to 
do 5 — His doings we are to remcinher and speak of; 
and therefore in his fear, and with gratitude to him, 
we are to act, and by his aid make application and 
form resolutions. Religious sentiments should per- 
vade and sanctify our recollections and render them 
useful. 

I propose the following method of discourse, viz. 
to make some observations on the passing of time, — 
give a brief historical sketch of this religious so- 
ciety, — and close with application adapted to our- 
selves. 

Time, how still and swift it flies ! Although we 
know it to be true, it requires some effort to realize 
and to feel that Jlfiy years have passed away since 
my sacred connexion with this people. The succes- 
sion of days, months, and years is so silent, yet 
constant, we scarcely perceive it. Engaged in the 
various cares and business of hfe, we are too often 
insensible to the progress we have made towards its 
close. At length, our attention being arrested by some 
interesting event, or period, we look around us, and 
are almost surprised at the changes we perceive, and 
that meet our eyes from every quarter. " One gen- 
eration has past away, and another has risen up." 
Those who were aged half a century ago, are gone 
to the grave. "Our fathers, where are they 1 and 
the propliets, do they live forever ?" Those who 
then were in middle life, if yet living, are become 
old 5 the youth have past their best estate ; and the 
little cliildren are now llie citizens for business, and 



pillars in socict)^ Grey hairs arc upon those who 
were infants when the speaker first settled liere. 
Thus one generation is pressing close upon the heels 
of another, while the foremost is fast falling into the 
grave and eternity. But this is not the full picture 
of human life 5 many of the younger classes have 
been untimely snatched away. We often witness, 
and many deeply feel, w4iat the scriptures affirm, 
that " childhood and youth are vanity, and man at 
his best estate is altogether vanity." 

When I cast my eyes over the assembly that stat- 
edly worships here, I see, not only many new faces, 
but a new face to the whole. Here and there only 
is a countenance which I beheld Jifty years ago. Full 
well do I remember the white locks that adorned the 
lonfif seats which here stretched before me. N'oiv the 
heads that are white and grey were then on the 
shoulders of children. This house too is changed. I 
have not forgotten its former figure and inconvenience. 
There were two galleries flat and deep, and a high 
ceiling, which rendered speaking in it very difficult. 
But it has, long since, undergone a general repair, 
and been rendered handsome and convenient and 
easy for the speaker. 

It is vivid in my recollection, that Harvard Col- 
lege was here collected in the summer of 1775. I 
was then a member of the Senior class. I listened 
with attention and respect to my worthy and el- 
oquent predecessor, with whom I became personally 
acquainted. 

It w^as not my expectation, when young, to live 
so long as I have. I was supposed to be slender 



6 

ana very liable to fail in early life. The only n\an 
"vvlio voted against my settling here, personally assured 
me, that the reason of his vote was my feeble appear- 
ance, and the expectation that I should live but a 
little while. So true it is, that " God secth not as 
man seeth." Although I have been repeatedly sick 
and apparently threatened with dissolution, yet, 
through the power and goodness of God, I continue 
to this day, and enjoy a good degree of health and 
strength. Two ministers only in this county are 
living, who were ordained before me. And I know 
not of more in the Commonwealth, who yet are able 
to perform public services. There are now living on- 
ly two male members of this church, who were ac- 
tive in my settlement. 

It is very interesting to me, to recollect the many 
scenes of joy and of sorrow, in which I have alter- 
nately rejoiced and wept with your fathers, and with 
many now living. I do not indeed forget some un- 
pleasant scenes 5 but with joy and gratitude I remem- 
ber the many expressions of affection and respect 
from my beloved people. 

It sometimes fills my mind with grief, and always 
with solemn reflections, to observe the changes that 
have taken place in the town, in neighbourhoods, 
and in famihes. In some instances, whole families 
have disappeared ; in other, they have been diminish- 
ed or dispersed. But changes have not always been 
grievous. In many instances they have been for the 
better, and gloomy clouds have been dispelled. New 
families have risen up, or have emigrated to us, to 
repair the ravages of time and death. We have often 



seen that "instead of the parents are the childrenj" 
who have done worthily. The doings of the Lord 
have a bright as well as a dark side. I will notice 
both sides. 

We have lived to see, to suffer the evils, and to en- 
joy the benefits of a great political revolution. Some 
of us were eye witnesses and personal actors in the 
Revolutionary war, from its commencement in this 
town, on the ever memorable 19th of April, 1775. A 
revolution this, probably, the most interesting to the 
world ever recorded in history ; and to this country 
important and happy beyond all calculation. In this 
revolution and the events connected with it, we have 
seen more of the wonderful doings of God, more in- 
teresting consequences as the legitimate results, than 
were witnessed in the course of centuries preceding. 
We have seen established Free Republican Gov- 
ernments, both National and State ; and, in de- 
grees imexampled, are daily enjoying the happy fruits. 
In this connexion, I would not omit a tribute of grat- 
itude and praise to the memory of our fathers by 
whose services and sacrifices, under the conducting 
providence of God, we possess such high and precious 
advantages. 

In the progress of the sharp contest with the migh- 
ty power of Great Britain, which at some periods was 
doubtful, my sacred connexion with this people was 
formed. Though the people were driven into an un- 
natural war with the mother country, they were dis- 
posed to be at peace with Heaven, and in all their 
troubles, to cling to the word and the altars of God. 
It was their religious confidence in the Almighty, that 



8 

sustained tlicni in their struggle for liberty. Had 
not the people of the Thirteen United States been 
actuated by principles of piety and virtue, as ^vcll as 
the love of liberty and country, they would not have 
gained their freedom and independence. And let it 
be kept in mind, that the same principles alone can 
preserve them. 

But many difficulties were unavoidably to be en- 
countered. Evils existed which could not be easily 
nor expeditiously remedied. The rapid depreciation 
of the paper currency of the country involved many in 
great embarrassments. Numbers of the rich sudden- 
ly became poor, and some of the poor became as sud- 
denly rich. Property rapidly changed its possessors. 
At some times, 'Hating to itself wings, it flew away," 
and at other, by laying still, lost its value. It is not 
forgotten by many, that salary-men, and generally all 
who lived upon their money, were great sufferers. 
This was the case with your minister, without any 
design or fault of his people. They had endeavour- 
ed, by a formal contract, to guard against the ef- 
fects of the depreciation of the currency ; but it 
seemed next to impossible. You would scarcely 
believe, were you told, the straits and difficulties to 
which your pastor was reduced. With all his ex- 
ertions in various ways, as teaching scholars, man- 
ual labour, &c. he could not have waded through 
them, had it not been for a particular event in Prov- 
idence, and the long credit given him by one be- 
nevolent trader in town.* In due time, when a 

* Deacon John White; whose generous friendship will never 
be forgotten. 



9 

scale of depreciation was established by authority, my 
people, in due time, made up the loss I had sustained 
in settlement and salary. But it was impossible to 
repair the loss in ministerial studies and acquirements. 
My people, however, were kind, made reasonable al- 
lowance for disadvantages, supplied my pulpit during 
a long sickness, and generally remained satisfied with 
my exertions and services. From those times we 
have lived in peace and harmony, mutually endeav- 
ouring to promote each others' comfort and happiness. 
The late separation from us of a Trinitarian society 
is an exception, of which something may be said in 
the sequel. 

Another change of high importance merits partic- 
ular notice. After the revolution, and indeed during 
its progress, infidelity, imported from Europe, was 
embraced by more than a few in America, and in- 
dustriously propagated. The writings of Voltaire, 
Hume, and other deistical authors were sought and 
read with avidity. To stem this increasing torrent, 
the manner in which the gospel was then generally 
preached, it is believed, was not well adapted. A 
large portion of the learning of the country, not 
possessed by the clergy, was leaning to deism, if 
not decided in its favour. Christianity and its pecu- 
liar institutions were treated with more than indif- 
ference, and not seldom directly opposed. But the 
religious principles and steady habits of the bulk of 
the people held in check the deistical and licentious. 
I have been an eye and ear witness of the proud 
boasting and confident assertions of profane and 
blasphemous infidels, and have seen the poison plen- 



10 

tifully cast into one fountain of literature. But, 
thanks be to God, the times are happily changed. 
Now, nearly all the solid learning in our country^ 
especially in New England, is engaged on the side of 
Christianity. The great current of mind sets strong- 
ly to the divine authority of the Bible, and bends 
to the doctrines and sceptre of Jesus Christ. Many 
of our learned men, and those in the highest offices 
and most influential stations in the National and 
State governments, are professed and practical christ- 
ians; and others are favourable to the cause, and 
cheerful supporters of Christian ministers and wor- 
ship : while many of those who take no active part 
in favour of revealed religion visibly respect its teach- 
ers and institutions, and cease from opposition and 
ridicule. A vast accession of power and influence is 
here gained to the cause of Christ and his religion. 
In this view of the moral state of society, I am far 
from saying or thinking, " the former times were 
better than these." 

I am aware, that in one of the middle States, there 
is a nest of bold and artful infidels, who are diffusing 
their corrupt and demoralizing principles with activi- 
ty and zeal. But we hope and trust in God that their 
race will be short, and that the light of truth, which 
is rapidly increasing in our country and throughout 
Christendom, dissipating the clouds of error and mys- 
ticism that have long shrouded Christianity, will soon 
convince or disarm them and ail opposers of our holy 
religion. 

We have lived to see great and honorable improve- 
ments in the science of government, in legislation and 



11 

tlie administration of the laws. Our Judicial courts, 
supreme and subordinate, are, we believe, the most 
enlightened, upright, prompt in business and respecta- 
ble, of which any country can boast. Our seats of 
justice being filled by men of talents, learning, piety, 
and exemplary lives, become a blessing to the com- 
munity not easily nor sufficiently appreciated. 

The improvements that have been made in the 
course of the lastjiftij years, in our primary and high- 
er schools, in Colleges, useful arts, manufactures, ag- 
riculture, commerce, &c. are astonishing as well as 
highly gratifying to observers. Learning, invention, 
and enterprize have taken strides and made progress 
unexampled in the same period. The establishment 
of Sabbath schools, which is of recent date, promises 
to be highly beneficial, both in a civil and religious 
view. We scarcely begin to perceive the happy in- 
fluence which these schools are designed and adapted 
to exert on the minds and the morals of the young, 
and through them, on the community at large. Per- 
paratory to these are Infant schools, which are o-ain- 
ing attention, and are actually in operation in Eng- 
land and in some cities in this country. The inhab- 
itants of the city of Boston are attending to the sub- 
ject in earnest. A plan is now in operation for col- 
lecting money to defray the expense of instruction to 
the little children of the poor. These schools, it is 
highly probable, will be multiplied, and will produce 
the most salutary effects on the health, manners, and 
character of the generations rising up, and those yet 
unborn. They are best adapted to populous towns 
and are pecuharly favorable to the labouring- and 



12 

poorer classes of people. Such csttiblisliments arc 
not insulated, not confined to the places, the period, 
and the scholars that first attract our attention. Their 
influence is diffusive, progressive, and will gradually 
extend to the great body of the people. In these 
and similar institutions, farther improvements will, 
doubtless, be made. These are the seeds now sowing, 
which, under the smiles of Heaven, are to spring up 
and yield a rich harvest of blessings to our country. 
These institutions of Sabbath and Infant schools, if 
they shall be conducted with wisdom and pursued 
with energy, will, I have no doubt, influence and form 
the civil and moral character of the community more 
than any human measures that have been hitherto 
adopted. This is beginning with the child, the little 
boy and girl, where education ought always to begin, 
but where it has been sadly neglected. When these 
modes of instruction shall be well understood and 
perfected, and the people in general shall see and 
feel their importance, the fruits will be great and 
good. Even Sabbath schools are yet so new, that 
many parents and lieads of families do not appear to 
understand them, do not appreciate and improve them. 
Among other changes, which w^e may consid- 
er as improvements, are those in the art of sacred mu- 
sick and the matter of the holy song. Some of us 
well recollect the discordant singing in public wor- 
ship, and when the tune was interrupted by the read- 
ing of the psalm or hymn, line by line. This practice 
of reading the lines by the deacon, or some other per- 
son, probably, was first introduced on account of the 
scarcity of books and the poverty of the people. 



13 

Now books are plenty and cheap, and the people 
are able to buy. Every intelligent and serious wor- 
shipper ought to have a hymn book at church. And 
I do soberly recommend, that every pew be furnished 
"with books, and that every adult person at least have 
before his eyes the words in -which we sing praise to 
God. Money expended for Bibles and Hymn books 
is put to the best interest, and will afford the best re- 
flections. 

The attention that has been given by this society to 
the support and improvement of sacred musick is very 
gratifying and praise worthy. We are specially obli- 
gated to the singing society for their assistance in di- 
vine worship, and for their persevering exertions and 
sacrifices to make improvements and render their ser- 
vices acceptable and pleasant. 

The first regular version used in this church was 
that of Sternhold and Hopkins ; many parts of which 
could scarcely now be read with sobriety in the 
assembly. Next was used, and until very lately, the 
version of the pious and excellent Dr. Watts. The 
Cambridge Collection is now in use, which, we trust, 
will be an additional aid in our religious services, till 
one more improved and perfect shall be provided and 
chosen. All human compositions may be improved 
and changed, and vital religion be thereby better pro- 
moted : but the Bible, " the word of the Lord abideth 
forever." No man, nor body of men may add to or 
diminish from the sacred volume. It is our duty and 
our proper work, to understand, explain, enforce, 
and obey the Bible. The light of this blessed book, 
in ages of ignorance, and in the hands of Papal pow- 



14 

ers, has been obscured and Christianity has been 
corrupted. But considering the state of the Christ- 
ian world in ages past, and befjre the art of print- 
ing was invented, nothing otlierwisc could be rea- 
sonably expected. The bold and pious reformers from 
popery, to whom we are highly obligated, partook, 
unavoidably, of the imperfection, spirit, and bigotry of 
the age in which tliey lived, and were educated. But 
their spirit of reform has descended to our times ; a 
spirit of inquiry and improvement has gone forth, 
and while it rejects the superstition and corrects 
the errors of the Reformers^ it fearlessly, but reve- 
rentl}^, searches the scriptures, penetrates the clouds 
of mysticism, discovers truth, and presents Christian- 
ity to the public and private eye in its own native 
simplicity and purity. 

I am well aware that what many of us look upon 
as the discovery of truth and the disclosure of error, 
is by others considered as erroneous and heretical, 
among whom are, I doubt not, many who love our 
Lord and his holy cause. They may be conscientious 
in opposing wdiat we ardently advocate, and cannot 
be persuaded to renounce. But do they not prove 
the want of the spirit of Christ by withholding charity 
from us and affecting to treat us as though we were 
not Christians 7 They seem to fear that error will be 
embraced in our search after truth, — that Christianity 
will suffer loss by being freely examined, and the pil- 
lars of the church be shaken, if not supported by hu- 
man creeds, priestly power and policy. So thought 
the church of Rome, and therefore silenced inquiries, 
chained the human mind on religious subjects, and 



u 

held the people in ignorance. And what was the re* 
suit ? True, the people all thought alike, — all sub- 
scribed the same human creed, and tamely gave up 
their bibles to their priests, and blindly worshipped in 
an unknown tongue. But it was a death blow to vi- 
tal rehgion. Christianity became a mere name, en- 
veloped in a thick cloud of mysteries and ceremonies 
that had no tendency to inform the mind, interest the 
heart, or mend the life. We live in a happier country 
and age, — we may inquire for truth freely under a 
sense of accountability to God only. Our fathers^ 
though not perfect, were inspired by the spirit of re* 
ligious and civil liberty. They could not endure un- 
reasonable restraints on their rights and consciences. 
They fled from the oppression of civil government and 
of the priesthood. Here they found an asylum from 
tyrannical men in church and state ; — here they 
could breathe a free air, though surrounded by sav- 
ages and wild beasts, and subjected to privations 
and hardships which we, their posterity, can scarce- 
ly realize. Religious liberty they chiefly sought, 
and here the precious boon was found. 

Another improvement of the present age I would not 
fail to notice, I mean Peace Societies, whose great 
object is the abolition of war and the establishment of 
peace among all Christian nations. This Common- 
wealth has the honor of forming the first Peace Soci- 
ety in the world. This society was instituted, Dec. 
25, 1815. The father* of it and the author of the 
Solemn Revieiv and Friend of Peace, has immortal- 

* Dr. Noah Worcester. 



16 

ized his name, and dono vast benefit to the communi- 
ty, and eventually to the world. Many similar soci- 
eties have since been formed in this country and in 
Europe, having in view the same benevolent objects. 
The eiforts of this society have produced great and 
happy effects, especially in diff'using a pacific spirit, 
in throwing light on the subject never before perceiv- 
ed by ordinary observers, and converting thousands 
from the spirit of war to that of peace. By the writ- 
ings above mentioned any person of ordinary capacity 
may understand that war, except when it is strict- 
ly defensive, is altogether inconsistent with the spirit 
and principles of Christianity, and that, were these 
latter to prevail through Christian nations, the spirit 
and practice of war would be banished from Christen- 
dom. In generations and ages to come, in all coun- 
tries where the peaceful religion of the Gospel shall 
prevail, the Peace Society in Massachusetts, and its 
pious and benevolent founders will be highly honored 
and had in everlasting remembrance. It seems to me, 
there can be no doubt of great benefit to the commu- 
nity, were the Friend of Peace more generally read. 
Those numbers would inform and correct the public 
mind respecting the spirit and the practice of war, and 
respecting the nature, design, and spirit of Christ- 
ianity. 

Though I may be thought to wander, it is my pur- 
pose to attend principally to things that are directly 
or remotely connected with religion. The psalmist 
affirms in the words following our text, that " God 
has his way in the sanctuary." By this we are to 
understand that God exercises a moral government 



17 

over men, — that he graciously regards the church in 
every age, and in every country. The Christian 
church is the peculiar care of Heaven, and is divine- 
ly assured that " the gates of hell," the powers of 
wickedness, " shall never prevail against her." To 
this "little flock," compared with the world of men, 
" it is the Father's good pleasure to give the king- 
dom." We will advocate her cause, and recollect 
the wonders of divine providence and grace in her 
behalf, and especially in reference to this church and 
society. And this brings me to the matter of histo- 
ry, a brief sketch of which I proposed to give. On 
this subject, I shall make free use of a sermon deliv- 
ered in this place, on a general repair of this house and 
its dedication to God and christian worship, in 1792. 
But before 1 bring to view the particulars of our 
history, I ask your attention, for a few minutes, to 
the fathers, the first settlers of this town. They have 
been too much overlooked and forgotten by their de- 
scendants. It is time, high time, to redeem our char- 
acter, and to stir up our minds by way of remem- 
brance, that we may be excited to praise the Lord, 
and to honour the memories of the godly men wdiose 
piety, labours, and sufferings laid the foundation of 
our prosperity, and that of our fathers for almost two 
centuries. 

We have read or listened with satisfaction and de- 
light to the learned and eloquent discourses and ora- 
tions, on the anniversaries and centuries of our Pil- 
grim fathers of Plymouth and Salem. We have felt an 
exciting interest and sympathy in those characters and 
events. Our joy has been in common with the great 

3 



18 

family of New-England, which has descended from 
those pious and benevolent adventurers- But who has 
duly remembered and honored, with hearts swelling 
with gratitude to God, the character and memory of 
Bulkeley, Jones, Willard, Spencer, and others, Avho 
here first planted the standard of the cross and of 
liberty ? This is our work, our binding duty. 

It was scarcely, if any, less adventurous, or peril- 
ous, at that day, to come from Cambridge to Con- 
cord, than from Holland to Plymouth, in 1620, or from 
England to Salem, seven or eight years afterwards. 
This was the first settlement in the wilderness away 
from the sea and shipping : — it was a pathless desert, 
except the paths of the Indians, which were danger- 
ous. The Savages were here at home on their 
native soil, jealous of the white strangers, and often 
making war upon them in various parts of the sea- 
coast. The wild beasts were numerous and terrify- 
ing. The war-hoop of savages was continually 
dreaded, and the dismal howl of ferocious animals 
disturbed the slumbers of the night. But terrific 
sounds were not the chief causes of fear. The fire 
arms, the tomahawk, the scalping knife, and fire- 
brands were hourly in vision before them. In what 
fear must they labour by day, and repose themselves 
at night ! With what anxiety and trembling must 
the affectionate mother have clasped her tender babe 
on her couch of rest and sleep ! 

In this fearful situation, provision was scarce and 
poor. Repeatedly they had reason to fear perishing 
with hunger, at least those who w^ere more feeble 
and helpless. (For the truth of these statements, I 



19 

shall soon adduce authorities.) Yet with all these 
difficulties our fathers had to contend. They trust- 
ed in God, and they were delivered. Some of them 
were rich and of honourable descent, had lived in 
affluence, and never known hardships and privations 
of this kind. But the love of God, and the love of 
religious and civil liberty induced them to undertake 
and to endure such extreme hardships and dangers. 
O religion, how mighty thy influence ! how invinci- 
ble thy power ! Let it affect our hearts to reahze, 
that we are enjoying, in peace and plenty, the fruits 
of their toils and sufferings, — yea more, of their holy 
prayers and tears! 

But what have we done or thought that can be 
considered a proper return to the memory of our 
sainted fathers and mothers, and to their God and 
ours ? Who has been and is now thankful for what 
God has done for us by the instrumentality of our 
pious ancestors ? He is thankful, who, remembering 
the days of old, and the fathers before whom the sav- 
ages were driven out, and for whom the Lord wrought 
wonders, does like them devoutly worship and obey 
the God of his fathers, — does sanctify the sabbath 
day, — observe conscientiously relative duties, and 
does believe and follow Jesus Christ 5 not he who 
merely rejoices with a loud voice, and expresses his 
gladness by feasting. 

I come now to historical facts and particular 
characters. But here I have to lament the loss and 
the omission of records. I shall give but a general 
sketch of the civil history of this town, and leave to 
other hands and younger eyes many things that are 



20 

interesting to this people, and that might gratify 
reasonable curiosity.* 

This town was incorporated, as a plantation, Sept. 
3d. 1635, by an act of the General Court of the 
then province, sitting at Newton. The Indian name 
of the place was Musquetequid. The town was 
fairly purchased of the native?, and payment was 
made to their entire satisfaction. The tract of land 
first purchased was six miles square, the centre behig 
very near the spot where the meeting house now 
stands. Additions were afterwards made by grant 
or purchase. 

The first settlers of this town were very careful 
to possess a fair title to the soil. They were not 
only just, but generous. Piety and righteousness 
marked their transactions, and proved that they 
"feared God and regarded man." Before the sava- 
ges and the world they exemplified the religion of 
the Gospel, the love of which induced them to en- 
counter innumerable hardships in this then dreary 
wilderness. They suffered extremely, both from 
want and fatigue, and endured with singular patience 
and firmness the greatest difficulties and "sorest 
labors that ever any people with such weak means 
have done." As has been observed, it was a tedi- 
ous journey from Cambridge to Concord : it was 
through a dismal wilderness, without any road, 
abounding with brush, briars, and swamps, so that 

* It is understood, that a very accurate history of the local 
situation and civil affairs of this town, is now in preparation by 
a Gentleman, who has been indefatigable in his researches 
after interesting fact'j and proper materials. 



21 

not only their clothes, but their tiesh was torn, and 
their strength sometimes exhausted. It was ex- 
tremely difficult to procure comfortable food. Scarce- 
ly ever did they enjoy such as would now be count- 
ed tolerable. Compared with them, the poorest of 
us "fare sumptuously every day." And yet, how 
little do we think of those destitute pilgrims, who 
endured hardships that we might live at ease, — who 
fasted that we might feast, — who mourned that we 
might rejoice, — who served God in the desert that 
we might worship him in a pleasant and populous 
country ! 

Our fathers had little else to eat than alewives and 
shad, indian corn, meal and water, pumpkins and 
squashes, and sometimes a little wild meat. They 
had given up their earthly treasures and comforts 
for those of religion and heaven. But the Lord our 
God was with them; — he protected and fed them 
in a wonderful manner. It may be said of them as 
of ancient Israel, that they were muda to know that 
man doth not live by bread only, but by every 
word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the 
Lord, doth man live. Ye opulent and delicate, 
could you Uve one year, one week, as did our an- 
cestors, for the sake of religion and conscience ? 

In the infancy of this town, jit was remarkably 
protected from the often enraged savages. It is ra- 
tionally supposed that the full satisfaction which the 
Indians received, when they sold the land, rendered 
them more peaceable towards the inhabitants. But 
especially did the God of his praying people of this 
place lay his restraining influence on the aborigines. 



While other settlements round about were greatly 
disturbed, — tlicir houses burnt, men, women, and 
children killed and scalped, and others carried into 
captivity, dreadful as death, no attack was made on 
this town, and only three persons killed by the Indi- 
ans within its bounds. 

The authorities, which I offer to confirm these 
statements, are Dr. Mather^ s Magnctlia, Johnson^s 
Wonder-working Providence of Zion'^s Saviour in 
JVeiv-Englandy and Iluhhard^ s Narrative of the 
Indian ivars. Some other ]-ecords show that these 
authors are substantially, though not perfectly correct. 

Omitting to quote farther from the Discourse above 
mentioned, and many things more suitable for com- 
mon history than a sermon, (which history I have 
understood is already commenced,) I shall attend to 
the affairs of the church. Here, also, we are desti- 
tute of records during the ministry of the four first 
pastors. We are able, however, from other histor- 
ical sketches, to trace with certainty the succession 
of ministers, and that of deacons since the ordination 
of the Rev. Mr. Bliss.* Our church records begin 
with the settlement of the Rev. Daniel Bliss. By 
him it is recorded that, " in the year 1636, the Rev. 
Peter Bulkeley, the Rev. John Jones, Maj. Simon 
Willard, and others, brethren and members, came to 
this town and erected themselves into a church. "f 

* The names of the deacons, prior to the church records, 
are left for the history above mentioned, which, it is expected, 
will be not only correct, but entertaining and useful. 

t Thus it appears that the church was gathered in the year 
after the purchase and incorporation of the town. 



This agrees with the author of Wbnder-ivorking 
Providence who mentions the coming of the same 
men, about the same time, to this place. And it is 
confirmed by Dr. Mather's account of the Kev. Peter 
Bulkeley. To me it seems due to the memory and 
character of that truly great and good man, iiere to 
quote from Dr. Mather a considerable part of his 
Biography of the first minister of this town, — the 
first adventurer and principal purchaser of this then 
wilderness, now pleasant and fruitful town. I shall 
be excused for dwelling on this character, not only 
because we are furnished with materials, but because 
we are more indebted to the piety, enterprize, and 
labours of Mr. Bulkeley, than to any other individu- 
al adventurer. All were worthy, and merit a grate- 
ful remembrance, but this man excelled, and is worthy 
of double honour. 

Of the Rev. Peter Bulkeley* it is written by Dr. 
Cotton Mather in his Magnalia, that " He was de- 
scended of an honourable family in Bedfordshire ; 
where for many successive generations, the names of 
Edward and Peter were alternately worn by the heirs 
of the family. His father was Edward Bulkeley, D.D. 
a faithful minister of the Gospel. He was born at 
Woodhil, (or Odel) in Bedfordshire, January 31, 
1582. His education was answerable to his original ; 
it was learned, — it was genteel, and which was the 
top of all, it was very pious. At length it made him 
a Bachelor of Divinity, and Fellow of St. John^s 
College in Cambindge : the college whereinto he 

* The proper name is Bulkdeij ; but Dr. Mather uniformly 
spells it Bulkhj. 



24 

had been admitted, about the sixteenth year of his age; 
and it was while he was but a junior bachelor, that 
he was chosen a fellow. When he came abroad in 
the world, a good benefice befel him, added unto the 
estate of a gentleman, left him by his father ; whom 
he succeeded in his ministry, which one would imagine 
temptations enough to keep him out of the icilderiiess. 
" It was not long tliat he continued in conformity 
to the ceremonies of the church of England ; but 
the good bishop of Lincoln connived at his non-con- 
formily (as he had done at his father's), and he hved 
an unmolested non- conformist^ until he had been 
three prentice-ships of years" [I suppose 21] "in the 
ministry. Towards the latter end of this time, his 
ministry had a notable success, in the conversion of 
many unto God." But soon after this time, under 
Archbishop l^aud, "complaints were made against 
Mr. Bulkeley, for his non-conformity, and he was 
therefore silenced. To J\^eiv-England therefore he 
came, in the year 1635; and there having been for a 
while, at Cainb)idge, he carried a good number of 
planters with him, up far into the woods, where they 
gathered the twelfth church, then formed in the colony, 
and called the town by the name of Concord.* Here 
he buried a great estate, while he raised one still, 
for almost every person whom he employed in his 
husbandry. He had many and godly servants, whom, 
when they had lived with him a fit number of years, 
he still dismissed them with bestowing farms upon 

* Winthrop's Journal, which is more correct, reckons it the 
Ihirleenih church. Mather appears to blend the gathering of 
the church and incorporation of the town. 



25 

them, and so took others after the like manner, to 
succeed them in their service and in his kindness." 
The same author goes on to say of Mr. Bulkeley 
that, "he was a most excellent scholar, — that he 
endowed the library of Harvard College with no small 
part of his own," that " he was therewithall an ex- 
cellent christian, — an exact sabbath-keeper, — an ex- 
ample many ways worthy to be imitated by every one 
that is called a ininister of the Gosjyel,^^ — and that 
'' his first sermon [meaning in this place] was on Rom. 
i, 16. I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, 
Moreover, by a sort of winning, yet prudent y«mi7iari- 
ty, he drew persons of all ages to come and sit with him, 
when he could not go and sit with them. — Such was 
his pious conduct that he w\as had much in reverence 
by his people. And the observance which his own 
people had for him, was also paid him from all sorts of 
people throughout the land ; but especially from the 
ministers of the country, who would still address him 
as a father, a prophet, a counceller, on all occa- 
sions." It is farther stated by Dr. Mather, that 
" upon his importunate pressing a piece of charity, 
disagreeable to the will of the ruling elder, there 
was occasioned an unhappy discord in the church of 
Concord ; which yet was at last healed, by their 
calling in the help of a council, and the ruling elder's 
abdication. Of the temptations which occurred on 
these occasions, Mr. Bulkeley would say. He thereby 
came, 1. To know more of God. 2. To know more 
of himself 3. To know more of men. Peace being 
restored, the small things in the beginning of the 
church there, increased in the hands of their faithful 
4 



26 

Bulkeley, until he was translated into the regions, 
which afTord nothing but concord and glory ; leaving 
his well fed Jlock in the tvilderness, unto the pasto- 
ral care of his worthy son, Mr. Edward Bulkeley." 
Dr. Mather has recorded many more things of Mr. P. 
Bulkeley, particularly his then highly esteemed trea- 
tise of the gospel covenant, — his dying charge to 
New England, &.c. I will now notice only his mar- 
riages, family, death, and epitaph. '"' His first wife 
was the daughter of Mr. Thomas Jlllen of Golding- 
ton : a most virtuous gentlewoman, whose nephew 
was the Lord Mayor of London, Sir Thomas Allen. 
By her he had nine sons and two daughters. After 
her death he lived a widower eight years, and then 
married a virtuous daughter of Sir Richaixl Chit- 
li'ood ; by w'hom he had three sons and one daughter. 
Age at length creeping on him, he grew much afraid 
of outliving his work." And he wrote an Epigram 
in Latin, on the subject. " He was ill, as well as 
old, when he writ those verses 5 but God granted 
him his desire. He recovered, and preached nearly 
two years after this, and then expired, March 9, 
1658-9, in the seventy seventh year of his age." 

The Epitaph on his tomb-stone is somewhat enig- 
matical, but very expressive of his character. It is 
in Latin, and as follows, — 

" Obiit jam qui jamdudum obierat Bulkela}us: 
Nee patriam ille mutavit, nee pene vitam : 
E(5* ivit, qud ire consuverat, et ubi jam erat." 
In J^nglish, thus, 
" Bulkeley is now gone, who had long since gone ; nor 
hath he changed his country, nor scarcely his life : thither he 
has gone, Avhither he was wont to go, and where he already 
was." 



27 

And must it be added, in truth, that this inscription is 
not to be found in the grave yard,— -that no stone de- 
signates the spot where this distinguished saint was 
buried or entombed ! If the spot can be ascertained,* 
(which is probable,) I would that at least a plain 
block of granite should there be placed, with his name 
indelibly inscribed. 

Mr. P. Bulkeley was succeeded in the ministry by 
his son, the Rev. Edward Bulkeley, who was first 
settled at Marshjleld, Ms. We are not informed 
when he was installed, but have reason to believe, 
it was soon after the death of his father. He was 
born and partly educated for the ministry in Eng- 
land ; and died in this town, Jan. 2, 1695-6. Dr. 
Mather calls him the ivorthy son ; and this is all the 
character of him I have been able to obtain. It ap- 
pears, however, from some accounts, that he was an 
infirm man, lived to be old, and some years longer 
than he could preach. Dr. Mather classes him with 
those "young scholars, whose education for their 
designed ministry, not being finished, yet came over 
from England with their friends, and had their edu- 
cation perfected in this country, before the College 
was come unto maturity enough to bestow its laurelsV 

The Rev. John Jones, who came here with the 
first company, as colleague with Mr. P. Bulkeley, 
left this place, with a part of the settlers, in a few 
years after planting themselves here 5 and 3Ir. Jones 
therefore is not reckoned as one of the ministers in 
succession. 

* There is reason to believe that the three lirst ministers, 
viz. Peter Bulkeley, Edward Bulkeley. and .lo-;eph Ea=t;t- 
brook. Aveve laid in the same toml". 



28 

The Rev. Joseph Estabrook was born at Enfield, 
in England, and graduated at Harvard College, in 
1664 He was ordained colleague with Mr. Ed- 
ward Bulkeley ; the year I cannot say. He died, 
May 23d, 1711 5 his age is not ascertained. We 
know little more of him than that he was a man of 
distinguished piety and very respectable abilities. He 
was accounted faithful and his praise was in all the 
churches. 

The Rev. John Whiting was ordained in May, 
1712, and continued in the ministry upw^irds of twen- 
ty years 5 his pastoral relation was dissolved before 
he died. He w^as some time a tutor in Harvard Col- 
lege, — was a gentleman of learning, and possessed a 
large estate 5 his monument still remains. 

The Rev. Daniel Bliss was ordained, March 7th, 
173S. He was born at Springfield, Ms. and educat- 
ed at Yale College, New Haven ; he was a Calvinist 
in his sentiments, and very zealous in preaching and 
conversation. He was a man of respectable talents, 
of ministerial gifts, and of commanding manner and 
eloquence in preaching. 

At the time of his ordination, the church consisted 
of 80 members ; — a number of them belonged to 
those sections of the town which are now Lincoln and 
Carlisle. During his ministry of about twenty-Jive 
years, 290 persons were admitted to full communion, 
and 1424 baptized in this church. He was very ac- 
tive and laborious in his profession, — wrote his ser- 
mons in characters, — and often preached without 
notes, or wrote only the heads, or scheme of the ser- 
mon. Under hi-^ ministry there were two periods of 



29 

great religious excitementj or revival. And it is be- 
lieved that a goodly number of those, then awaken- 
ed to religious consideration, became true penitents 
and sincere christians. 

Some few years after Mr. Bliss' ordination, a 
number of his people, and most of the neighbouring 
ministers, became dissatisfied with his religious sen- 
timents, and with his conduct in going into other towns 
to preach, at the invitation of individuals, without the 
consent of the ministers of those town. Complaints 
and charges were brought against him by a number 
of the church, who were supported by others in the 
town.* I'hese things are mentioned in the church 
records. In this state of affairs, a new church was 
formed, authorized by the neighbouring ministers, 
with which a small part of the people joined, and had 
preaching and worship by themselves. They did not 
build a meeting-house. It was customary, in those 
days, to count the cost, and to collect a sufficient so- 
ciety before building a church. There were then no 
charitable funds to assist feeble churches. I am in- 
formed, by a respectable lawyer, that there was a 
law of this then province, that " no persons should 
build, or appropriate, a house for religious worship 
without the consent and vote of the town." Laws 

* There are reasons, wliich seem to me sufficient, for not 
bringing particularly to view, in this discourse, the difficulties 
that subsisted, and the councils repeatedly called for advice 
during the ministry of Mr. Bliss and Mr Emerson. Besides, 
it would swell this pamphlet to an unreasonable size. In a 
future day, some useful facts may be collected from the exist- 
ing records of the church. 



30 

and customs have very much clianged. The new so- 
ciety, however, did not long continue, and gradually 
returned to the old church and society. Mr. Bliss 
died, IVIay 11th, 17G4, aged 49 ; and liis monument 
has been kept in repair. 

T!ie Rev. William Emerson was ordained Jan. 1, 
1766. He was born at Maiden, where his father 
was pastor, and graduated at Harvard University 
in 1761. He was a gifted, eloquent, and popular 
preacher. His ardent love for his country, involved 
in a distressing war, prevailed over the tenderest ties 
of social, domestic, and pastoral connexions. That 
love must have been strengthened by the firm belief 
of duty and the liope of greater usefulness, or it had 
not been so invincible. He left his endeared fam- 
ily and beloved people, Aug. 16, 1776, to join the 
army at Ticonderoga, in which he was appointed 
chaplain. On his return he was arrested by sickness, 
and died, October following, at Rutland, Vermont, 
aged 33. His premature death must be viewed a 
striking instance of human frailty, and an affecting 
proof that "God destroyeth the hope of man." Mr. 
Emerson was distinguished for his ministerial talents, 
social disposition, love for liis country, for human 
happiness, and immortal souls 5 his rising character 
promised extensive usefulness. Alas ! that star^ to 
which nature and grace had given peculiar lustre, 
fell untimely ! His body lies in the place where he 
finished his course; and this town have erected a 
handsome monument to his memory, on the burying 
hill. 



31 

Under Mr. Emerson's ministry, almost eleven 
years, 66 persons were admitted to full commmiion, 
and 506 were baptized. Soon after his settlement 
difficulties arose in the church. Some blame was 
attributed to the pastor, but, it is believed, unjustly, 
by those well acquainted with the origin and pro- 
gress of the matters of controversy. Several councils 
were called in to hear, and to give advice 5 but the 
difficulties Avere not healed, until they were swallow- 
ed up and buried in the commencement of the 
Revolutionary war. Peace and harmony being re- 
stored, the pastor and church thought proper to re- 
new their covenant with God and one another in a 
public manner. Accordingly, on the 11th of July, 
1776, a day set apart for fasting and prayer, a cov- 
enant was signed by a large majority of the male 
communicants, 43 in number. Afterwards, 19 others, 
chiefly new members, signed the same covenant. 
Several of the members lived in Lincoln and Car- 
lisle : those in Lincoln continued their connexion with 
this church until their death. But there were a few 
of the church who did not join in this transaction, 
nor put their names to the covenant. This solemn 
obligation is too long to be here inserted ; it is on 
file with the church records. How many the church 
consisted of, when Mr. Emerson died, is not as- 
certained. I find no list of members, except of those 
males who signed the covenant. I well recollect 
several of the church, whose names are not among 
the signers. If, then, we reckon the males at 68, 
and add the usually larger number of females, we 
may suppose the whole were about 150. 



S2 

I come now to the commencement of the ministry 
of your present pastor, who is the seventh minister 
of this town in regular succession. 

Taking the charge of this flock of our Loi-d was 
to me very solemn and interesting. I did not covet 
nor eagerly emhraee the opportunity. The greatness 
of the work, in a place so conspicuous and populous, 
caused trembling and hesitation. Although an in- 
vitation was given by the church the first of June, 
177<S, and I supplied or preached here from that 
time, yet I did not give my answer of acceptance, 
till the September following. In reference to that 
time and the earl}' part of my ministry, I can feel- 
ingly adopt the words of St. Paul 5 * " and I was with 
you in weakness, and in fear, and in much trem- 
bling 5" and as he elsewhere says, " in mniy tears." 
But I have been sustained, far beyond my early 
expectations, by the good and merciful providence of 
God, which 1 admire and adore. 

Previous to my ordination, and at that and other 
times, I endeavoured unreservedly to devote myself to 
God in the work of the Christian ministry. It was 
my ardent desire to be an able, faithful, and success- 
ful minister of Christ. How I have performed the 
duties of my office it does not become me to say. I 
was then, and ever since have been, sensible of the 
very great disadvantages sustained by the interruption 
of my collegiate studies, and by numerous impediments 
to the acquisition of theological knowledge, occasion- 
ed by the Revolutionary war, and the unexampled 

* 1 Cor. ii. 3. 



33 

depreciation of the paper currency of our country. 
If those disadvantages have been in any measure re- 
paired by redoubled exertions, God is both witness 
and judge 5 he gave the disposition and the strength, 
and to Him be the glory. 

^ The venerable P. Bulkeley commenced his preach- 
ing here from the words, " I am not ashamed of the 
Gospel of Christ." The first sermon of your present 
pastor was from 1 Cor. ii, 2. " For I determined 
not to know any thing among you save Jesus Christ 
and him crucified." That sermon I have repeated 
to you. It ever has been, and still is my undeviating 
endeavour and resolution to preach according to the 
import and design of those words. In respect to the 
leading and essential doctrines of the Gospel, I know 
not that my sentiments are materially changed. On 
searching the scriptures, it may well be supposed, 
that I have gained some further hght, and acquired a 
better understanding of them. The manner of ex- 
pressing my ideas also may be different. But I am 
not sensible of having departed in any degree from 
the doctrines properly called the doctrines of grace. 
The doctrine of three equal persons in one God, I 
do not call a doctrine of grace, or of the Gospel. 
We do not find it taught in the Gospel. Whether it 
be true, or not, it is not written in the inspired scrip- 
tures. The doctrine was first taught by fallible men. 
There were some in the Apostles' days, who had em- 
braced Christianity, and yet " had not so much heard 
whether there were any Holy Ghost."* Surely they 

*Acts. 19—2. 
5 



34 

had no idea of the doctrines of the Trinity. At first 
it was matter of conjecture, of inference, and then 
of opinion and controversy, and underwent a variety 
of changes and modifications 5 and it did not receive 
its modern shape and character, till hundreds of years 
had passed avs'^ay.* No wonder that men should be 
long shaping and fixing a doctrine not expressly re- 
vealed, and which could be known only by express 
revelation from God ; and especiall}'- when there was 
so much revealed evidently to the contrary. The time 
will not admit a full expression of my belief on this 
subject. But I have uniformly believed and preached 
that Jesus Christ is the promised Messiah, the only 
and all-sufficient Saviour of sinners, owned, anoint- 
ed, and authorized by God as his Son, whom he sent 
into the world for the great purpose of instructing 
and redeeming sinful men, of declaring his will, dis- 
playing his disposition, righteousness, mercy, and 
whole character, and of mediating between God and 
his intelligent creatures ; and that he was endowed 
by the Father with all divine powers requisite to the 
accomplishment of the great work assigned, him. I 
believe that he comes to us in the name and author- 
ity of God, and that therefore we owe him reverence 
and honour, love and obedience ; and also that the 
time and manner of his invisible existence, the extent 
of his dignity, and all the relations he sustains to- 
wards God and the universe, " no one knoweth, save 

* If any would know the rise and progress of the doc- 
trine of the Trinity, let them read the notes to Dr. Lowell's 
sermon, on the Trinitarian controversy, preached at Dennis, 
at the ordination of Rev. D. M. Stearns. 



35 

the Father only. " And since our Lord has declared 
our hmited knowledge of him as the Son of God, it 
seems to me presumptuous to affirm Ihat of him, 
which is not plainly revealed, or that he is what he 
expressly denies. If, therefore, the charge of heresy, 
or error, on this subject, attaches to any sect of 
Christians, it does to that which attributes to Jesus 
Christ a rank, dignity, and mode of existence not 
revealed in the holy scriptures. 

On other doctrines, such as the early apostacy of 
man, — moral human depravity, — regeneration, that 
is, a moral change of heart and life in sinners in 
•order to happiness and heaven, — the need of divine 
influence to effect that change, — justification through 
faith in Christ to all who repent and obey the Gospel, — 
Jesus Christ the minister of reconcihation to God and 
the meritorious agent and medium of mercy to pen- 
itent sinners, — charity and holiness as necesssary to 
the happiness of heaven, — a judgment to come by 
the Son of God, when the wicked will go away into 
everlasting punishment, and the righteous into life 
eternal, — on these and similar doctrines, I have been 
full in beheving and constant in preaching. As I have 
advanced in life, and ought to have made improvement, 
1 have meant to convey my ideas in better language, 
and in a more rational and scriptural manner. It has 
seemed to me the dictate both of reason and duty to aim 
at keeping pace with the improvements of the age, 
that I might gain the attention and meet the reason- 
able desires of the rising and more enlightened gen-, 
erations. 



3G 

The style and manner of ordinary ministers, forty 
or fifty years ago, v.'ould now be very dull, if not 
disgusting to many of our younger hearers. We 
know it is often found true, that aged persons are 
dissatisfied with young preachers, and the young, 
with old ministers. An endeavour to prevent this 
disadvantage and to benefit the aged and the young, 
as long as we may be able, implies no change of re- 
ligious sentiments. 

But allowing that there has been such improve- 
ment in theological studies and real advancement in 
the knowledge of the Scriptures and Gospel doctrines, 
as appear to be, or really are, alterations of opinion,. 
it is what might be expected , — it is the reasonable 
result of the p roper use of superior advantages ; — 
it is what the justly celebrated and Rev. Jolm Rob- 
inson expected and foretold. When that godly man 
took his leave of tliat part of his church which came 
from Holland and landed at Plymouth, he gave them 
with his fervent prayers, the following affectionate 
and enlightened counsel. 

" Brethren, we are now quickly to part from one 
another 5 and whether I may ever live to see your 
faces on earth any more, the God of heaven only 
knows. But whether the Lord have appointed tJiaf 
or no, I charge you before God, and before his 
blessed angels, that you folloiu me no farther than 
you have seen me follow the Lord Jesus Christ. 
If God reveal any thing to you by any other instru- 
ment of his, be as ready to receive it, as ever you were 
to receive any truth by my ministry ; for I am verily 
persuaded, T am very confident, the Lord hath more 



37 

truth yet to break out from his holy v/ord. For my 
part, I cannot sufficiently bewail the condition of the 
reformed churches^ who are come to a period in 
religion ; and will go at present no farther than the in- 
struments of their first Reformation. The Lutherans 
cannot be drawn to go beyond what Luther saw : 
whatever part of his will our good God has impart- 
ed and revealed unto Calvin, tiiey will rather die 
than embrace it. And the Calvinists, you see, stick 
fast where they were left by that man of God, who 
yet saiv not all things. 

" This is a misery much to oe lamented ; for 
tliough they were burning and shining lights in 
their times, yet they penetrated not into the whole 
counsel of God ; but were they now living, they 
would be as willing to emhrace farther light, as that 
which they first received. 1 beseech you to remem- 
ber it ; it is an article of your church covenant, 
that you ivill be ready to receive whatever truth 
shall be made known from the written ivord of God. 
Remember that, and every other article of your sa- 
cred covenant." After some farther advice on the 
subject, he closes by saying, " Neither would I have 
you loth to take another pft5^o?' besides myself; in- 
asmuch as a flock that hath two skepheids is not 
thereby endangered, but secured." This counsel is 
wise and rational, full of the spirit of the Gospel. 

If I were supposed to be a Calvinist when I set- 
tled, it was because they did not understand Calvin- 
ism. The creed, which I exhibited at my ordina- 
tion, Avas, as I believed and meant, Evangelical, 



3S 

and not Calvinistic ; and it was expressed in scrip- 
ture language, especially on the doctrine of the Trin- 
ity. Though I was early educated in the principles 
of Calvin, yet they were not explained to me nor 
urged upon me : and when I became of age to think 
and act for myself, I rejected his Jive points as unrea- 
sonable and unscriptural. But to preach the Gospel 
of Christ, that is, to explain and urge its doctrines 
and duties, was my warm desire and paramount object. 
And to this work, my conscience bearing witness, I 
have sincerely and earnestly devoted myself. 

Many obstacles, which it is needless to name, have 
impeded my progress in clerical attainments and use- 
fuhiess. Much imperfection has attached to my per- 
formances 5 and from faults I have never pretended 
to be free. As I have advanced in life, and been 
more exempted from hindrances, I have attended 
more exckisively to the duties of my office. Labours 
abroad, as far as was consistent, I have put off, that 
I might give more undivided attention to my people. 
Desired success has not attended my protracted min- 
istry ; yet I have not been without encouragement. 
Much evil may have been prevented, though much 
good may not appear to have been actually done. 
Since my settlement, 364 persons have been added 
to the church in full communion ; 44i5 have made a 
profession in order to baptism, and 1533 have re- 
ceived baptism. Two years only, and those not in 
succession and during the American revolution, have 
passed without some addition to the church. The 
present number of communicants is 138. (The new 



39 

Trinitarian church have taken from us 7 males and 
16 females )* 

Some alterations have been made in the manner of 
admission to baptism, ai.d a new church covenant 
was formed, soon after my ordination, as the records 
will show. A new form became necessary, as that 
used by my predecessor was carried with him on his 
last journey and lost. 

This town has been remarkable fjr having from 
the first only one sect of Christians, and one meeting 
house at a time, until lately another sect and anoth- 
er house have risen up. The reasons for this, we 
have judged to be insufficient. Of the causes which 
have produced that new society, and of its number, 
state, and prospects, I shall say nothing at this time. 
As in its rise I devoutly committed the case to God, 
so I continue to leave it in his hands. But I should 

* One person only has been excommunicated ; and this was 
for gross imir.or.ilities, and after lona suspension and repeated 
admonitions. She supposed herself converted, to use her 
phrase, at twelve years of age, under the ministry of Mr. Bliss. 
Until she became advanced in life, and at the time of her 
excommunication, she was confident of her early conversion, 
though she did not pretend to repentance or reformation. She 
said, and on this occasion appeared to believe, " that she re- 
ceived a spark of grace, when she was twelve years old, that 
she could never lose it, and that it would revive again before 
she should die, otherwise she should go distracted." It is a 
lamentable truth, that she gave no evidence of repentance 
■while she lived. Let this warn us not to depend upon any 
religious impressions or experiences that are not followed by 
a good and godly life. It appears from her own words, that 
her particular belief prevented the salutary effects of the sol- 
emn discipline of the church. 



4<0 

do injustice were I not to express my warm approba- 
tion of the candour and peaceable disposition which 
this society has exhibited towards that. 

There has been but one period of noticeable reli- 
gious excitement during my ministrations in this 
place. And I cannot say it was really beneficial in its 
effects. Evidence did not appear that its fruits were 
equal to its. first promise and our hopes. Whether 
any person was added to the church or made really 
better in consequence of it did not appear. It seem- 
ed to me on reflection, to be more a work of man 
than of God, — more the effect of human passions 
and policy than of divine influence. I was disap- 
pointed and humbled, but gained, as I thought, some 
useful instruction and firmer resolutions to trust in 
God for the revival of pure religion, while we sin- 
cerely use the means which he lias appointed. But 
though we have not witnessed such religious commo- 
tions as have existed in some otlier places, yet I be- 
lieve we have possessed and exhibited as much real 
religion, and that many have been turned from the 
ways of sin to the ways of wisdom, and cordially 
reconciled to God through Jesus Christ. That we 
might see and enjoy a general reformation, and exten- 
sive revival of pure rehgion, in this place, has long 
been my earnest prayer and endeavour. And that / 
may witness and be instrumental of such a revival 
to the spiritual and eternal benefit of my beloved peo- 
ple, is the strongest tie to the present life which I am 
conscious of feeling. 

It has pleased God to continue to me life and 
strength in this place longer than to any of my pre- 



41 

decessors. My hearers have been and still are wit- 
nesses how far and in what manner I have obeyed the 
apostolic injunction, " Preach the word in season and 
out of season ; rebuke, reprove, exhort, with all long 
suffering and doctrine," both in public and in private. 
But the whole truth, on this subject, whether for or 
against me, will never be fully known by any of us, 
till "we shall stand before the judgment seat of 
Christ." If then I shall be able to say. Here am I 
Lord, and the numerous flock thou didst commit to 
my charge, — how sublime the joy ! how glorious the 
condition ! how boundless the grace ! 

But it is time, my brethren, to inquire how you 
have heard and received and obeyed the Gospel that 
has been so long preached to you. Some of this 
congregation have heard me fifty years. Not less, 
I beheve, than 2500 sermons have been written and 
delivered by your pastor,* and many of them repeated, 
and not a few re-written. How have the aged im- 
proved under this long course of religious instruction? 
Many of this assembly have been baptised, catechis- 
ed, and instructed by the speaker, for whom he has 
cherished affectionate concern and earnest desires that 
they might be truly religious and forever happy. How 
have you profited by the stated administration of the 
word? Has preaching had with you its proper, its de- 
signed effect? Though a considerable number of per- 
sons have emigrated from this town, and this society, 

* When I had written 1500 sermons, I ceased to number 

them. The last numbered, is dated June 14, 1812. But I 

have continued to write new sermons to this day, whenever 

time and health would permit ; and this is still my purpose. 

5 



42 

yet as many, or more, have come to us and joined 
with us ; but the greater part of this congregation, 1 
believe, have heard my preaching ever since they at- 
tended pubhc w^orship. And what real religious ben- 
efit are you conscious of having received ? We be- 
lieve that preaching the Gospel is an institution of 
Christ 5 and that it is well adapted to convey religious 
information, — to explain and enforce duty, — to enlight- 
en and impress the minds of men on the great subjects 
of religion and future salvation. And if it be an appoint- 
ment of Christ, it is our indispensable duty and high 
privilege to hear it. Have you heard to any lasting 
advantage? Are you any better disposed to the duties 
of life, and more prepared for heaven by what you 
have heard? Notwithstanding all the imperfection of 
ministers and their method of preaching, if the truths 
of God's word have been officially set before you, in 
an intelligible manner, you were bound to hear and 
obey. Ministers " are ambassadors for Christ, as 
though God did beseech you by us" to be reconciled 
to Him, — to believe and submit to his Son. The ac- 
count, then, which you must give, at the great day, 
how you have heard and received and improved 
the overtures of pardon and peace that have been 
made to you and urged upon you, must be very in- 
teresting and solemn. Now you are addressed by men 
of like passions with yourselves. But then you will 
be called upon by the appointed Judge of mankind, 
whose knowledge not a thought can escape, — whose 
authority none can dispute, — whose power none can 
resist. How much, then, it concerns you, my dear 
flock, to consider and examine how you have heard 



43 

and improved the long course of preaching and relig- 
ious instruction here administered ! 

Wlien I think of the final judgment, where minis- 
ters and their people will all meet, — and I shall behold 
all who have been committed to my care, I am filled 
with a solemnity and pressed with a concern that I 
cannot express ! My own account rises before me 
with awful interest, even with the hope that it will 
be found joyful; — and the now unknown condition of 
my beloved people, — the uncertainty on which hand 
of the Judge they will appear, hangs upon my mind 
and heart with a weight of hope and fear not to be 
described ! My feelings, on this subject, are not 
lowered nor cooled by the consideration that my oppor- 
tunities with you are fast drawing to a close. " After 
a little while, I shall go whence I shall not return." 
Nothing that I am conscious of, short of the divine 
approbation and presence, would render the approach 
of death so welcome and pleasant, as the knowledge, 
— the evidence, that you, my charge, " beloved and 
longed for," were become real christians, blessings 
in the world and heirs of glory forever. " Where- 
fore I will not be negligent to put you always in 
remembrance of these things, though ye know them, 
and be established in the present truth. Yea, I think 
it meet, as long as I am in this tabernacle, to stir you 
up, by putting you in remembrance ; know^ing that 
shortly I must put off this my tabernacle. — Moreov- 
er, I will endeavour, that you may be able, after my 
decease, to have these things always in remembrance. 
For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, 
when we made known unto you the power and com- 
ing of our Lord Jesus Christ." 



44 

\ou are expecting, my hearers, and, I trust, will 
patiently and gratefully receive a few words of coun- 
sel, not only in respect to duty in general, but more 
especially respecting your situation and conduct, when 
my labours and life shall cease. 

I do entreat and counsel you, my brethren, to real- 
ize and deeply consider the everlasting truth and im- 
portance of revealed religion. If Christianity be 
true, it is an infinite truth 5 if it be false, it is an 
infinite falsehood, which we are not able to unravel 
or comprehend. We are thrown back into a terrible 
abyss of uncertainty, — into "darkness that may be 
felt." But Christianity is true ; — we do not for a 
moment admit the contrary supposition. (Christian- 
ity is amply proved to be the truth of God by inter- 
nal and external evidence, — by its professed design, 
— its sublime doctrines, — its holy nature, tendenc}'', 
and effects 5 — " by many signs, and w^onders, and 
miracles, and gifts of the Holy Ghost." This 
heavenly religion meets the exigencies of man, exalts 
and purifies his intellectual and moral nature, satisfies 
his vast desires, blesses him in solitude and in society, 
sanctifies all his powers, and directs them to the di- 
vine Author of his existence and the imitation of the 
Saviour, and thus transforms him into the divine like- 
ness : it does more, it animates him in duty, com- 
forts him in trouble, illumines his prospects into futu- 
rity, sustains him in death, and qualifies him for the 
ineffable employments and enjoyments of the heavenly 
world. It is certain that "God spake unto the fath- 
ers by the prophets," as recorded in the Old Testa- 
ment, and "in the fullness of time, by hif Son," as 



45 

related in the New Testament. Our religion is as 
clearly proved as the nature of the subject admits, 
and as a pious and benevolent mind can reasonably 
desire. Attend, then, to this religion in earnest, as a 
matter of prime importance 5 and strive to secure the 
blessings promised, and to escape the evils threatened. 

If I should be continued a few years longer, my 
strength and faculties will gradually, if not suddenly 
fail. I shall of course be less and less able to per- 
form the duties of a teacher and pastor. 1 do there- 
fore renew my request for assistance by a Colleague. 
It seems to nie, that " I have served out my time," 
and that I shall not be censured for desiring more leis- 
ure and rest than my present charge will permit. 
Nevertheless, I do not wish to be idle, nor excused 
from such service as my strength of body and mind 
will admit. I am willing to wear out in your service. 

It is not my desire that you sh.ould feel obhgated 
immediately to act on this subject. Consult your own 
benefit and interest and peace and duty, as well as 
my relief. But whenever you shall attend to the in- 
teresting subject of procuring a successor, or assis- 
tant, to your present pastor, let me counsel you, ir 
the first place, to seek unto God for wisdom and 
direction, and keep the eye of faith steadily towards 
him, " who is given to be the head over all things to 
the church." In the next place, look for a man oi 
sound piety and sound learning. His piety, that is, 
religion, will induce a faithful performance of duty 5 
and his learning will guard him against injurious 
errors, and " teaching for doctrines the command- 
ments of men." You need not fear the ministrations 



4.G 

of a man thoroughly rehgious and well informed in 
his profession. 

But you must not expect every thing in a young 
man ; nor that he must preach and pray and con- 
duct like any of his predecessors. He must be and 
act himself, and feel no restraint from those who 
have gone before him in office. And it is my prayer 
and hope, that, whenever you shall be favoured with 
another minister, he may be a better, a wiser, a more 
learned, faithful, and successful pastor than you have 
had the last fifty years. 

But, my dear brethren, take all suitable care to 
live in love and peace. " Follow the things that 
make for peace." Keep together as a religious so- 
ciety, and suffer no trifling considerations to alienate 
your aiFections and cause separation. Lay not stress 
upon human creeds. I am thoroughly convinced that 
vital religion in any person does not depend on any 
particular creed, except the Bible. Adhere invari- 
ably to the Bible, and endeavour to understand it 
chiefly for the great purposes of practical piety and 
goodness. In the present improved state of society 
and learning, you must read and examine for your- 
selves. If a question of controversy should be press- 
ed upon you, be sure to read on both sides, before 
you make up your mind upon it. lour minister 
will cheerfully aid you in understanding the scriptures 
and all your duty to God, to your fellowmen, and to 
yourselves. 

I shall not presume to dictate to you respecting 
the religious tenets of a successor. This does not 
appear to me to be my duty or my right. An attempt 



47 

to bind you after my departure would be unreasona- 
ble and arrogant. You are to hear and judge for 
yourselves, and to make your election in the belief 
that you are nearly and forever interested in the trans- 
action. My earnest desire is, that he may be a min- 
ister of the Gospel in theory and practice, — that he 
may firmly believe and teach and practice the reli- 
gion of the Bible. Whether he shall understand this 
or that passage of scripture precisely as I do, or as 
many others do, I consider of little or no importance. 
Let him enjoy the same liberty of inquiring and 
judging for himself, which you justly claim for your- 
selves. If, however, he shall profess and practise 
contrary to what you honestly believe to be the 
word and will of God, you may, perhaps ought, to 
seek a remedy, a separation. But in doing this, be 
calm, orderly, consciencious, and look to Heaven for 
direction. 

'' Now the God of peace that brought again from 
the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the 
sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, 
make you perfect in every good work, to do his will, 
working in you that which is well pleasing in his sight, 
through Jesus Christ 5 to whom be glory forever 
and ever. Amen." 



The names of the Deacons of this Church at and siiice the 
Ordination of the Rev. Daniel Bliss. 



Joseph Dakin, 
Samuel Miles, 
Samuel IMeriam, 
Samuel Heywood, 
Samuel JNlinot, 
Ephraim Brown, 
Amos Heakl, 
Thomas Barrett, 
David Wheeler, 
Simon Hunt, 
George Minot, 
John White, 



WHEN CHOSEN. 

Unkown. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
May 30, 1744. 

do. 
Oct. 24, 1751. 
Feb. 18, 1766. 
June 16, 1766. 
June 16, 1766. 
Aug. 3, 1779. 
Dec. 6, 1784. 



William Parkman, Nov. 20, 1788. 

Joseph Chandler, June 30, 1791. 
a Cancer, and 
Thomas Hubbard, April 30, 1812. 
Francis Jarvis, do. do. 

Reuben Brown, Jr. March 3, 1827, 
Cyrus Hosmer, do. do. 



WHEN DIED. AGES. 

March 13, 1743. 75 
Oct. 11, 1758. 77 

June 1, 1764. unknown 
Oct. 28, 1780. 63 

March 17, 1766. 60 
Oct. 9, 1788. 78 

Left town Jan. 4, 1774. 
June 20, 1779. 72 

March 24, 1784. 77 
Dec. 13, 1790. 87 

April 12, 1808. 66 
Joined Trin. church, 

Nov. 12, 1826. 

Resigned, by reason of 

age, Dec. 8, 1814. 

Resigned by reason of 

died Jan. 19, 1813. 64 



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